The Secret That Exploded :: essays research papers fc

The Secret that Exploded by Howard Morland   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Secret that Exploded† written by Howard Morland is a non-fiction book based on his findings on the H-bomb. Howard dedicated his life to finding out the secret of the H-bomb and releasing his findings to the public who have been in the dark since the beginnings of the Manhattan Project. The book goes through everything he went through from when he became an airforce pilot to him becoming involved in radical groups to him fighting the government in court for freedom of press. His book goes through everything he had to do to get the information he needed to find out the secret of the H-bomb. Howard felt that if â€Å"He would attack secrecy; if secrecy could be dismantled, then the opponents of nuclear weaponry would have a fighting chance. (pg.50)† He wanted to break down the secrecy of the government and give the radical groups that were against the bomb a chance to get there views heard around the U.S. and possibly bring a stop to the nuclear arms race. Howard thought that the â€Å"secret of the H-bomb could be the centerpiece of the secrecy structure and that if he could crack it he could bring down the whole secrecy structure.(pg.50)† This is what he wanted and he wanted all of the secrets that the government has been keeping from the public to be revealed so that the public could know what was going on and not be in the dark.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Howard knowing that finding the secret would be near impossible moved on in his journey and visited every major nuclear manufacturing sight in the U.S. that he knew about. On his journey he encountered problems with security. The government has bottled up the secret by giving security clearances to anyone who knew the secret. These people could not tell anyone anything that was deemed classified and they could get in very big trouble if they did. Howard had to get by this by asking questions that would bring back answers that wasn’t classified material but the information that he needed. Howard got so good at asking questions that he eventually put together all the information he found out from all of his sources and put together his version of the H-bomb. This version was so near accurate that the government wanted to classify it so that Howard could not publish it in the The Progressive magazine. Howard and The Progressive took the government to the Supreme court where the government dropped their case because the info that they wanted to contain had already leaked out to the public. Howard and The Progressive got what they wanted and earned

End of History Economics Essay

The set of short essays in question–compiled into a single essay by Foreign Policy–states the facts correctly about the current economic depression (they refuse to call it that, they opt for the less alarmist term of â€Å"recession†). But merely stating the facts correctly completely misses the point. Most couch-potato news junkies already know everything that is present in this essay. But that’s exactly the point: the essays in question here cover up more than they reveal. Their job–or so it seems–is to calm a public that might begin to ask fundamental questions about capitalism and globalization. The facts are clear: the structures and attitudes behind the facts are not. This is the purpose of this review. The facts are the following: that the economic depression will continue. Due to globalization, a depression or recession is not merely American or western, but it is global. Many economies in the developing world, through pressure from the US and the IMF, have linked their economies to the US market, which means, as a result, to the US dollar. These economies are talking given the fall in American consumer spending. The dollar has been wildly overvalued in recent years, but, in a recession of global proportions, running to the dollar for protection seems to be a popular–albeit irrational–option. The increase in the value of the US dollar means several things. On top of the already deep depression, food prices will begin to go up. This is social disaster, and not just for the US. Rises in food and transport mean that millions of economically marginal families will go into permanent decline and default. It means that the families that have already seen their homes foreclosed and dreams dashed will not be able to recover. As banks no longer lend as much, investment and spending are choked off, making recovery that much harder. The conclusion of all this is that the depression is here to stay. But the very last thing the writers in this essay want to deal with are the structural reasons for this decline and its global scope. The objections to the approach of this essay will now follow: 1. Not a single one of these writers mentions the word â€Å"gold. † For a long time, prices of gold have skyrocketed. The reason is not hard to see: gold is stable, it retains its value, it is a universal signal that something is not right with the globalist economy. God is a safe investment, far more safe than the dollar. But apparently, this is invisible to the authors. 2. The above authors have adeptly avoided the basic structural issues at work. a. First, that the basic contradiction in American capitalism is that excess production needs to be continually mopped up by wild consumption. As a result, American capital has gone insane in hiring PR firms and advertising agencies to create demand. b. The global economy is dependent on this artificially expanded and inflated demand, since these economies are export oriented, and that is economic code for â€Å"dumb Americans need to go into debt. † Without constant and deepening debt, the production not merely of American firms, but also the economies of the development world (largely shaped by American financial and political power), cannot sell their wares to the US and EU markets. c. Therefore, the basic contradiction is clear: debt drives the economy, but debt cannot last forever or get infinitely deeper. Therefore, global depressions and radical structural â€Å"re-adjustments† are a â€Å"normal† part of economic life. Put more succinctly, the entire artificial creation of demand is a scam designed to make a handful wealthy, while the remainder of the population drown in debt. Such a situation can only but deepen the already outrageous distinctions among classes in American and European life, as the majority default, while the liquidity becomes more and more monopolized by an oligarchy. The money here is not â€Å"lost, it merely changes hands. Well then, who now has it? The question is not even brought up, let alone answered. Money in these things is never â€Å"lost,† gone down some financial black hole: it changes hands. But the political and social implications of such a question cannot be realistically dealt with by major establishment publications such as FP. 3. But it gets worse: the contradiction in the relations between consumption and debt at the root of the economy is also related to the US dollar and its foreign holdings. Stephen Roach reminds American readers that home construction and personal consumption make up a whopping 80% of the US GDP. This means that no amount of â€Å"restructuring† can deal with the contradiction above. The contradiction lies at the very heart of the US economy and the global system, itself fashioned by the US. But its relation to the dollar is another matter. Most major trading states with the US such as China, South Korea or Saudi Arabia have been stocking dollars for decades for the purpose of facilitating trade with the US as well as maintaining a safe investment. But this is a major crisis that is closely connected to the credit contradiction, and the fact that it is avoided in the article mentioned cannot be an accident. The major trading partners of the US have trillions of liquid dollars in its banks. If the dollar weakens, or is replaced by the Euro for global trade, or that financial markets become regionalized (e. g. locally dependent on the Yuan or ruble), that liquid remains relatively worthless in foreign banks. Therefore, if the American economy is no longer the market of choice, due to the fact that credit cannot be extended any farther, then those now useless dollars will be ejected. That ejection, even by the most optimistic economist, can only means not merely the collapse of the US economy, but the collapse of the globalized economy as well. The notion, common to all the above authors, that the economy will eventually â€Å"recover† is a matter of dogma: it is not argued, merely assumed. But this is an assumption with a strong base. It is assumed because the alternative in unthinkable: a restructuring of the global economy based on regional or national lines, based around local production and occasional import substitution. Most economists are not even trained to handle such contingencies, and it is just not part of their vocabularies. But it is a necessity if the global recession turns into a major depression, and national states and regions begin being forced to protect their own populations instead of being part of the IMF/US led global economic system, where the irrationality of the American consumer and the amoral manipulation of the American elites mean the destruction of families and societies across the globe. They assume that globalization is â€Å"inevitable† and morally correct, and hence, that there is no other option. Theirs is the infamous â€Å"end of history† thesis of the official American ideologies at George Mason University: American empire is providential and has been crated by the â€Å"forces of history. † All moral problems have been solved and liberal democracy, anti-nationalism and globalism are here to stay. The subconscious acceptance of this fantastic view of history and American life colors all establishment writing on this subject. There is no real connection between university based economics and the average American. The former does not write for the latter, but for the system as a unit, more and more isolated from the average American family. Therefore, the question here is not merely an economic one, but a political one: there are now two Americas: the wealthy elite, university professors and TV talking heads on the one side, and the vast bulk of the (globe’s) population, on the other. They live two different lives: one suffers for the enrichment of the other. The global economy will not â€Å"bounce back,† as the nature of the current recession is built right into its assumptions and maxims. The job of modern economics, or so it seems, it to make sure that the average American consumer does not know that.

Do Personality Traits Predict Behaviour?

Do personality traits predict behaviour? The trait approach to personality is focused on differences between individuals. After type theorists such as Sheldon, who focused on body parts to determine temperament, and lexical researchers such as Galton who provided the first dictionary of words to describe behaviour, the principles underpinning trait theory were first outlined by Gordon Allport (1937). He found that one English-language dictionary alone contained more than 4,000 words describing different personality traits and suggested that it is how the traits come together that produces the uniqueness of all individuals. Rather than relying on intuition or subjective judgement as did Freud and many other neo-Freudians, trait theorists used objective measurements to examine their constructs. The use of factor analysis was a major breakthrough in the trait approach and Raymond Cattell was the first to make the use of this to reduce the lists of traits to a smaller number. This marked the beginning of the search to discover the basis structure of personality. This essay will discuss the issues surrounding the use of personality measures such as Eysencks personality questionnaire (EPQ) and Costa and Mc Crae’s Big Five model (NEO-PIR) to predict behaviour. Cattell’s 16PF hasn’t had much of an impact but personality measures that followed such as Eysenck’s personality questionnaire, who claimed that 3 types/ supertraits, Extraversion, Neuroticism and Psychoticism, make up the basic structure of personality, and Costa and mc Crae’s Big Five Model measuring Openness, Conscientious, Extraversion, agreeableness and Neuroticism, have received a high level of support. The personality factors are found cross-culturally, in children as well as adults and specifically for Eysencks model in identical twins raised apart, evidence which seems to demonstrate that the observed personality differences are stable across time and have a genetic basis, although the underlying heritability estimate used in studies has been questioned by Plomin. Nevertheless, trait measures have great practical applications; they have been embraced by psychologists from almost every perspective and used by professionals working in a wide variety of settings, such as in the workplace and the education system etc, and are used to make important judgements about an individual’s behaviour in different situations. Employers have used scores from personality tests to make hiring and promotion decisions for many years (Roberts and Hogan, 2000). The methodology used to identify the dimensional structure of personality traits, factor analysis, is often challenged for not having a universally-recognized basis for choosing among solutions with different numbers of factors. More than one interpretation can be made of the same data factored the same way, and factor analysis cannot identify causality. However, some of the most common criticisms of trait theory centre on the fact that traits are often poor predictors of behaviour. While an individual may score high on assessments of a specific trait, he or she may not always behave that way in every situation. This was highlighted by Walter Mischel (1968, 1973) who stimulated a huge debate that raged until the early 1980s, concerning whether personality traits predict behaviour. At the heart of this debate was the questioning of the stability of traits across situations, known as the ‘personality paradox’. He demonstrated with his CAPs model that there is a complex interaction between situations and enduring individual personality differences, however the effects of many variables still have to be examined. Mischel criticised how personality measures were interpreted and used, demonstrating that on average personality measures statistically account for only around 10% of the variance observed in behaviour, therefore 90% is due to something other than the effect of personality. This reflects the fact that many factors contribute to any one piece of behaviour, such as: the characteristics of the specific situation, the person’s mood at that time, competing goals, etc. However an argument in trait theories defence is in regard to the . 30, . 40 correlation co-efficient. How high does a correlation have to be before its considered important? Research by Funder and Ozer (1983) looked at social psychological findings often cited for their â€Å"important† findings and found that they had similar co-efficient of . 36 and . 42. In their defence trait theorists argue that researchers often fail to provide a strong link between traits and behaviour is because they don’t measure behaviour correctly, only measuring one behaviour. As an alternative researchers can aggregate data, one study looked at trait measures of aggression and the number of aggressive acts students preformed, not only on one day but over the course of two weeks and found a correlation of . 1 between the aggregated measure and the trait score (Wu and Clarke, 2003). Burger (2008) states that when all the complex influences on our behaviour are taken into account we probably should be impressed that personality psychologists can explain even 10%. Mischels criticism has had beneficial effects in work settings, with the use of multiple measures of p ersonality such as, psychometric assessments, interviews, individual and group tasks used together as an assessment package to prevent overreliance on the psychometric tool. Furthermore, Mischels views led researchers to look very critically at their methodologies, admitting that measures were often weak and the selection of which traits to study was sometimes inappropriate (Funder, 1999,2001). Today most psychologists agree that the person and the situation react to determine behaviour ( Maggnusson, 1990) and Swan and Seyle (2005) conclude their review on Mischels work by saying that there are still instances where it is helpful to make distinctions between personal and situational determines of behaviour.

Crevecoeur essays

Crevecoeur essays St. John de Crevecoeur, a French Agriculturalist, came over to America in the mid eighteenth century. He wrote the Letters From An American Farmer to inform a friend in England about the way of life in the British Colonies of America. Letter IX gives a brief account of Charlestown, South Carolina and the lives of the plantation owners and their slaves. Charlestown is one of the richest colonies in all of America and it is not full of gold or silver but commodities like indigo or rice. These products create an industry far greater than any mines could produce. (223) In order for this industry to prosper, plantation owners need many workers to cover such vast properties. The owners buy slaves that are brought over from Africa to do all the labor on the farm. Crevecoeur visits these plantations and he cannot believe how the slaves are treated. Oh Nature, where art thou?-Are not these blacks thy children as well as we. (227) He cannot understand how the slaves can be treated worse than animals. They are arranged like horses at a fair, they are branded like cattle, and then driven to toil, to starve, to languish for a few years on the different plantations of these citizens. (226) How can these people be so different from us (whites)? Slavery is not new to Crevecoeur but the way the slaves are treated is. The slaves from the northern provinces have as much liberty as their masters. They are fed as well as their owners, when they are sick they are taken care of and they all live under one roof. (230-231) In Charlestown, the situation is much different. The whites eat drink and live contently while doing no work while the slaves eat from the ground, work in the boiling sun, during the warmest hours, raising crops for someone they know not. On one side, their is a people who enjoy all of lifes luxuries while never working and on the other side their are the slaves who have been torn from their families ...

How to Punctuate Descriptions of Colors

How to Punctuate Descriptions of Colors How to Punctuate Descriptions of Colors How to Punctuate Descriptions of Colors By Mark Nichol Use of hyphens and commas in phrases that include names of colors is the cause of some confusion among writers. Here’s a discussion of when to insert or omit these punctuation marks when referring to colors. As with most other phrasal adjectives, pairs of words that together describe the color of an object should be hyphenated: A suit that is dark blue (referring to degree of saturation) is a dark-blue suit, and a suit that is blue gray (identifying a combination of colors) is a blue-gray suit. (Note, too, that a modifying phrase referring to color, like most phrasal adjectives, is not hyphenated when it follows rather than precedes the noun it modifies.) The previous rule applies not only to combinations of colors but to degrees (â€Å"greenish-blue dress,† â€Å"a dress that is greenish blue†) or comparisons (â€Å"snow-white fabric,† â€Å"fabric that is snow white†) of color. Remember, too, that light has two distinct meanings: A light green package is a green package that doesn’t weigh much; a light-green package is a package that is a light shade of green. When the adjective or phrasal adjective follows the noun or noun phrase, and no hyphenation occurs, the distinction is still clear: The first description is of a green package that is light, and the second is of a package that is light green. When the name of a color is one of two or more adjectives preceding a noun, whether and which of the adjectives are separated by commas depends on whether they are coordinate adjectives or not whether they each modify the noun, rather than one modifying a phrase consisting of an adjective and a noun. For example, in â€Å"a tall, green pole,† a comma separates the two adjectives because they are coordinate, or equivalent. To test this fact, either replace the comma with and (â€Å"a tall and green pole†) or reverse the order of the adjectives (â€Å"a green, tall pole†). If these changes make sense (even though the original syntax is better), the adjectives are coordinate, meaning that they both refer to the pole, and the comma is required. In â€Å"a weathered green pole,† by contrast, the adjectives are noncoordinate: Weathered and green do not each modify pole; weathered modifies â€Å"green pole,† so no comma is necessary. Various references to combinations of two or more colors are also distinguished by the use or omission of hyphens. For example, â€Å"She has only black and white shoes† means that all of the person’s shoes are either black or white, but â€Å"She has only black-and-white shoes† means that the person’s shoe collection consists only of shoes in which each pair is black and white. â€Å"Yellow, pink, and red flowers† refers to flowers colored yellow, pink, or red, whereas â€Å"yellow-pink-and-red flowers† denotes tricolored flowers. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneyWhenever vs. When Ever50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the Essay

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the liability of employers for references - Essay Example The discussion in this paper shall deal with the liability of referee to the subject only. There is no law which specifically confers the right to demand for a reference thus there is no mandatory duty to issue one. It is not a matter of right but a mere privilege which may be stipulated in a contract or agreement. Without any contract, the discretion to give reference lies with the referee however there are instances when the refusal to issue reference is construed as discriminatory that compels the employer to issue one. Assuming the referee voluntarily agrees to issue a reference, it has legal obligation to the subject and the recipient to give an honest, truthful and fair account of the information it has in its possession. The award of damages which do not arise from actual physical injury or damage to property is frowned upon (Murphy v. Brentwood District Council, 1990). This is against public policy and the floodgates arguments (Spartan Steel and Alloys Ltd v. Martin & Co. Ltd ,1973) where courts will be inundated with gratuitous suits. The exception from this general rule is when misleading statements are contained in the reference which resulted in economic loss then the aggrieved party may demand compensation for such breach of duty. For duty of care to exist nonetheless the standards enunciated in the leading case of Caparo Industries v. Dickman (1990), must be complied with: the injury or damage suffered by the aggrieved party was reasonably foreseeable; sufficient proximity or special relationship between the parties; and it is fair, just and reasonable to impose liability. These elements are mandatory and concurring where the absence of one element negates the existence of duty of care. It is not sufficient that the referee made derogatory remarks that damaged the reputation of the subject it must be shown that the referee has a special relationship with the subject such as that of an employer and employee or that of university official towards the ir personnel or students. If the derogatory remarks was relied upon to reject the subject’s engagement, the imposition of liability is just, fair and equitable. The case of Spring v. Guardian Assurance (1995), is illustrative. The employer imputed dishonest conduct which became the basis for denying the employee’s employment which was later discovered to false. The court enjoined employers to exercise utmost diligence in the preparation of reference so as not compromise the economic prospects of subjects and take due care to protect the subject’s reputation. The court stated a caveat the referee should exercise due skill and care in the preparation of the reference before making it available to the third party since the recipient accord great importance on the reference issued. The referee must showcase the subjects’ skills and expertise to improve their employment prospects and not diminish it by imputing sordid personal traits. The value accorded the re ference is due to the referee’s personal observation on the subject and if the subject is not personally known to the referee, the reference should be based on recorded facts. If a mediocre reference with unproven allegations is disseminated to prospective employers contrary to the subject’s qualifications warrants the award of damages. The right of the

Gear box Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Gear box Managment - Essay Example Cars and tractors – in fact, almost every vehicle – have a gear box or transmission which allows the driver to shift from slow to fast or maintain speed. Management is very important in the life of the vehicle, so do with the proper handling of the gearbox. The life of the driver or owner also depends partly in its proper management. Accidents can be avoided with proper management, not to mention the financial savings accumulated. A power train is where the power from the engine goes to and maybe said to be synonymous to the power of the vehicle itself. The driver train is also everything after the power train, i.e. on a rear wheel drive, clutch, transmission, driveshaft, differential, and axle, on a front wheel drive. Another definition of power train is: it is a train of gears and shafting transmitting power from an engine, motor, etc., to a mechanism being driven.1 There are a lot of concepts on the words power train (in some sites in the internet these two words are written as one word). Some experienced drivers and mechanics state that on front wheel driver cars, the power train consist of the engine, transmission, rear end, which are made (read: assembled) together †¦ and on rear wheel driver, the engine, transmission, drive shaft and rear end †¦ if the car has a standard transmission, the power train would include the clutch.2 In other words the power train runs the vehicle – in this case, the car or the tractor – for purposes of our discussion. And when we speak of maintenance, this may involve a wide array of expertise and the mechanic/driver can not just focus on the gearbox but the entire connections relative to the power train, the different shafts, up to the differential. Maintenance here is overloaded and, to be precise, sensitive; meaning go to details, a simple crack, slight noise, anything you notice peculiar that may lead your car to be left